Manipulation model
Table of contents
Introduction
The manipulations model describes temporal manipulations performed in a session. Manipulations are ways to perturb natural brain dynamics. The types of manipulations currently supported by BrainSTEM are listed below. A Manipulation is described by the fields in the next section.
Fields
| Field | Description |
|---|---|
Session | Session of the manipulation (required). Must reference an existing session. Example: “Optogenetic stimulation session #2” |
Type of manipulation | Type of manipulation (required). Selected from predefined types. Example: “Optogenetic stimulation”. See options below |
Subject procedures | Related subject procedures (required). Must reference existing procedures. Example: “Optic fiber implant #B789” |
Setup | Setup filter for equipment (optional). Used to filter available equipment by setup. |
Equipment | Equipment used for the manipulation (optional). Must reference existing equipment. Example: “LED driver #1” |
Notes | Notes about the manipulation (string). Example: “20Hz stimulation protocol completed successfully” |
Types of manipulations
These are the available type options for manipulations:
See the schema for field details: Manipulation types.
Electrical and Magnetic Stimulation
Deep brain stimulation (DBS): Implanted electrodes deliver electrical pulses to targeted brain areas to modulate neural activity.
Electrical stimulation: Application of electrical currents to neural tissue (invasive or non‑invasive) to activate or inhibit activity.
Electromagnetic field stimulation: Modulation of neural activity using magnetic or electric fields in a non‑invasive manner.
Transcranial Electrical Stimulation: Scalp‑applied electrical currents (e.g., tDCS/tACS) to modulate brain activity.
Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation (TMS): Magnetic fields induce cortical currents non‑invasively to modulate neural activity.
Optical, Thermal and Ultrasound Stimulation
Optogenetic stimulation: Light control of genetically targeted neurons to activate or inhibit specific populations with high temporal precision.
Thermal perturbation: Heating or cooling neural tissue to probe temperature effects on activity and function.
Ultrasound stimulation: Non‑invasive modulation of neural activity using focused high‑frequency sound.
Chemical and Pharmacological Perturbations
Liquid perturbation: Introduction of liquids (e.g., drugs/solutions) to alter brain environment or activity.
Microperfusion: Localized delivery of substances to targeted brain regions via fine cannula.
Pharmacological injection: Direct drug delivery into the body or brain tissue to study effects on activity and behavior.
Pharmacological superfusion: Controlled drug application onto neural tissues or cells, often via perfusion systems.
Pharmacological inhalation: Administration of vaporized drugs for pulmonary absorption and CNS effects.
Sensory Stimulation
Auditory stimulation: Presentation of sound stimuli to study hearing, perception, cognition, and therapeutic effects.
Multisensory stimulation: Concurrent stimuli from multiple modalities to study sensory integration.
Odor stimulation: Controlled olfactory stimuli to probe sensory processing, neural activity, and behavior.
Tactile stimulation: Touch/pressure stimuli to study somatosensory processing and responses.
Visual stimulation: Visual stimuli to study visual processing from perception to complex cognition.
Permissions
Manipulations inherit permissions through the session associated with them.
Visit the permissions page to learn more.
API access
The API allows for programmable access to manipulations. Learn more about the manipulations’ fields and data structure on the Manipulation API page.