Manipulation types

Type-specific details of manipulations applied during a session.

Table of contents

• Electrical and Magnetic Stimulation: Stimulation with electric currents or magnetic fields, through implanted electrodes, transcranially or by an applied field.
  Deep brain stimulation (DBS) · Electrical stimulation · Electromagnetic field stimulation · Transcranial electrical stimulation · Transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS)
• Optical, Thermal and Ultrasound Stimulation: Stimulation with light, temperature change or ultrasound, including optogenetic stimulation.
  Optogenetic stimulation · Thermal perturbation · Ultrasound stimulation
• Chemical and Pharmacological Perturbations: Delivery of drugs or other agents by injection, inhalation, superfusion, microperfusion or other liquid application.
  Liquid perturbation · Microperfusion · Pharmacological inhalation · Pharmacological injection · Pharmacological superfusion
• Sensory Stimulation: Presentation of auditory, visual, tactile, odor or combined sensory stimuli to the subject.
  Auditory stimulation · Multisensory stimulation · Odor stimulation · Tactile stimulation · Visual stimulation

Electrical and Magnetic Stimulation

Stimulation with electric currents or magnetic fields, through implanted electrodes, transcranially or by an applied field.

Deep brain stimulation (DBS)

Electrical stimulation delivered through an implanted electrode to a defined deep target. Use this rather than Electrical stimulation when the defining feature is the chronic deep-target implant.

Field	Description
Amplitude	Quantity with unit. The intensity of the electrical stimulus applied, measured in amperes. Units: A, mA, µA, nA.
Duration	Quantity with unit. The length of time each stimulation lasts. Units: s, ms, µs, min, h.
Profile	Choice. Defines the profile of the electrical signal used for stimulation. Options: Amplitude Modulated, Alternating Current, Biphasic, Burst, Chirp, Direct Current, Cosine, Frequency Hopping, Frequency Modulated, Decaying Exponential, Gaussian Pulse, Harmonic Stimulation, Gaussian Noise, Pseudo-random Binary Sequence, Pink Noise, Pulse train, Sawtooth, Staircase, Sine Wave, Sinc Pulse, Square, Stochastic, Step Function, Ramp, Rising Exponential, Trapezoidal Pulse, Triangle, Variable Rate Pulse Train, White Noise.
Duty cycle	Number. The proportion of the ‘on’ time to the total cycle time, expressed as a fraction. Range: ≥ 0.
Repetitions	Integer. The number of times the stimulation cycle is repeated during a session. Range: ≥ 0.
Injection polarity	Text. Specifies the polarity of the stimulation, which can be anodal or cathodal, influencing the direction of the current flow.
Closed loop	Yes/no. Indicates whether the stimulation system is capable of adjusting its parameters based on real-time feedback from the patient’s physiological responses.

Experimental interface types that can be linked: SiliconProbe, Tetrode, SingleWireElectrode, StimulatingElectrode, ReferenceElectrode, Generic.

Electrical stimulation

General electrical stimulation through an electrode, including intracortical and peripheral stimulation. This is the default electrical choice when no more specific type applies.

Field	Description
Amplitude	Quantity with unit. The magnitude of the electrical voltage applied during stimulation. Units: V, mV, µV.
Duration	Quantity with unit. The length of time for which the stimulation is applied. Units: s, ms, µs, min, h.
Profile	Choice. The pattern or waveform of the stimulation. Options: Amplitude Modulated, Alternating Current, Biphasic, Burst, Chirp, Direct Current, Cosine, Frequency Hopping, Frequency Modulated, Decaying Exponential, Gaussian Pulse, Harmonic Stimulation, Gaussian Noise, Pseudo-random Binary Sequence, Pink Noise, Pulse train, Sawtooth, Staircase, Sine Wave, Sinc Pulse, Square, Stochastic, Step Function, Ramp, Rising Exponential, Trapezoidal Pulse, Triangle, Variable Rate Pulse Train, White Noise.
Duty cycle	Number. The proportion of the stimulation cycle during which the stimulus is active, expressed as a fraction. Range: ≥ 0.
Repetitions	Integer. The number of times the stimulation is repeated during a session. Range: ≥ 0.
Injection polarity	Text. Refers to the direction of current flow in the stimulation.
Closed loop	Yes/no. Indicates whether the system adjusts the stimulation parameters based on real-time feedback from physiological sensors.

Experimental interface types that can be linked: SiliconProbe, Tetrode, SingleWireElectrode, OpticFiber, ReferenceElectrode, EEG, ECoG, EMG, StimulatingElectrode, Generic.

Electromagnetic field stimulation

Exposure to an applied electromagnetic field rather than current delivered through a contacting electrode.

Field	Description
Amplitude	Quantity with unit. The intensity of the electromagnetic field applied. Units: V, mV, µV.
Duration	Quantity with unit. The length of time for which the electromagnetic field is applied during each session. Units: s, ms, µs, min, h.
Profile	Choice. Defines the waveform of the electromagnetic field used during stimulation. Options: Amplitude Modulated, Alternating Current, Biphasic, Burst, Chirp, Direct Current, Cosine, Frequency Hopping, Frequency Modulated, Decaying Exponential, Gaussian Pulse, Harmonic Stimulation, Gaussian Noise, Pseudo-random Binary Sequence, Pink Noise, Pulse train, Sawtooth, Staircase, Sine Wave, Sinc Pulse, Square, Stochastic, Step Function, Ramp, Rising Exponential, Trapezoidal Pulse, Triangle, Variable Rate Pulse Train, White Noise.
Duty cycle	Number. The proportion of the stimulation cycle during which the electromagnetic field is active, expressed as a fraction. Range: ≥ 0.
Repetitions	Integer. The number of times the stimulation cycle is repeated within a single session. Range: ≥ 0.
Injection polarity	Text. Indicates the polarity of the electromagnetic field, which can be positive, negative, or alternating.
Closed loop	Yes/no. Whether the stimulation system is capable of adjusting its output based on real-time feedback from sensors measuring biological responses.

Experimental interface types that can be linked: SiliconProbe, Tetrode, SingleWireElectrode, OpticFiber, StimulatingElectrode, TMSCoil, Generic.

Transcranial electrical stimulation

Current applied through scalp or skull electrodes without penetrating the tissue, covering direct, alternating, and random noise variants. Record which variant was used in the profile and notes.

Field	Description
Amplitude	Quantity with unit. The intensity of the electrical current applied. Units: A, mA, µA, nA.
Duration	Quantity with unit. The length of time each stimulation session lasts. Units: s, ms, µs, min, h.
Profile	Choice. Describes the waveform or modulation method used during stimulation. Options: Amplitude Modulated, Alternating Current, Biphasic, Burst, Chirp, Direct Current, Cosine, Frequency Hopping, Frequency Modulated, Decaying Exponential, Gaussian Pulse, Harmonic Stimulation, Gaussian Noise, Pseudo-random Binary Sequence, Pink Noise, Pulse train, Sawtooth, Staircase, Sine Wave, Sinc Pulse, Square, Stochastic, Step Function, Ramp, Rising Exponential, Trapezoidal Pulse, Triangle, Variable Rate Pulse Train, White Noise.
Duty cycle	Number. The ratio of the stimulation ‘on’ time to the total cycle period, expressed as a fraction. Range: ≥ 0.
Repetitions	Integer. The number of times the stimulation cycle is repeated during a session. Range: ≥ 0.
Injection polarity	Text. Refers typically to the directionality of current flow in other contexts.
Closed loop	Yes/no. Indicates whether the system uses feedback from the patient’s physiological responses to automatically adjust stimulation parameters.

Experimental interface types that can be linked: SiliconProbe, Tetrode, SingleWireElectrode, OpticFiber, ReferenceElectrode, EEG, ECoG, EMG, StimulatingElectrode, Generic.

Transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS)

Non-contact induction of currents in tissue using a magnetic coil.

Field	Description
Amplitude	Quantity with unit. Specifies the intensity of the magnetic stimulation, often measured as a percentage of the Maximum Stimulator Output (% MSO) or in Tesla (T). Units: % MSO, T, mT, µT.
Duration	Quantity with unit. Defines the total time each stimulation lasts. Units: s, ms, µs, min, h.
Profile	Choice. Describes the waveform type of the electrical signal. Options: Amplitude Modulated, Alternating Current, Biphasic, Burst, Chirp, Direct Current, Cosine, Frequency Hopping, Frequency Modulated, Decaying Exponential, Gaussian Pulse, Harmonic Stimulation, Gaussian Noise, Pseudo-random Binary Sequence, Pink Noise, Pulse train, Sawtooth, Staircase, Sine Wave, Sinc Pulse, Square, Stochastic, Step Function, Ramp, Rising Exponential, Trapezoidal Pulse, Triangle, Variable Rate Pulse Train, White Noise.
Duty cycle	Number. The fraction of one period in which a signal or system is active. Range: ≥ 0.
Repetitions	Integer. The number of times the stimulation is repeated during a session. Range: ≥ 0.
Injection polarity	Text. Typically refers to the directionality of the current in conventional terms.
Closed loop	Yes/no. Indicates if the stimulation system adjusts parameters in real-time based on feedback to achieve desired outcomes.

Experimental interface types that can be linked: SiliconProbe, Tetrode, SingleWireElectrode, OpticFiber, TMSCoil, StimulatingElectrode, Generic.

Optical, Thermal and Ultrasound Stimulation

Stimulation with light, temperature change or ultrasound, including optogenetic stimulation.

Optogenetic stimulation

Light delivered to drive or suppress genetically targeted cells. Record the wavelength, since it is what distinguishes excitation from inhibition for most opsins.

Field	Description
Power	Quantity with unit. The output power of the light source used for stimulation. Units: W, mW, µW.
Profile	Choice. The pattern or waveform of the light used during stimulation. Options: Amplitude Modulated, Alternating Current, Biphasic, Burst, Chirp, Direct Current, Cosine, Frequency Hopping, Frequency Modulated, Decaying Exponential, Gaussian Pulse, Harmonic Stimulation, Gaussian Noise, Pseudo-random Binary Sequence, Pink Noise, Pulse train, Sawtooth, Staircase, Sine Wave, Sinc Pulse, Square, Stochastic, Step Function, Ramp, Rising Exponential, Trapezoidal Pulse, Triangle, Variable Rate Pulse Train, White Noise.
Duration	Quantity with unit. The length of time each light stimulation lasts. Units: s, ms, µs, min, h.
Duty cycle	Number. The fraction of one period in which a signal or system is active. Range: ≥ 0.
Repetitions	Integer. The number of times the stimulation is repeated. Range: ≥ 0.
Wavelength	Quantity with unit. The wavelength of the light used, selected based on the activation spectrum of the specific optogenetic actuators used. Units: nm, µm, mm, m.
Closed loop	Yes/no. Indicates whether the stimulation parameters can be automatically adjusted based on feedback.

Experimental interface types that can be linked: SiliconProbe, GRINLens, Prism, OpticFiber, Generic, CranialWindow, MicroscopeObjective, Catheter, LEDArray.

Thermal perturbation

Deliberate heating or cooling of tissue, such as focal cooling used to silence a region.

Field	Description
Amplitude	Quantity with unit. The maximum change in temperature from the baseline or ambient level. Units: °C, K, °F.
Duration	Quantity with unit. The length of time for which the thermal stimulus is applied. Units: s, ms, µs, min, h.
Profile	Choice. Describes the pattern or modulation of the thermal stimulus. Options: Amplitude Modulated, Burst, Chirp, Decaying Exponential, Gaussian Pulse, Harmonic Stimulation, Gaussian Noise, Pseudo-random Binary Sequence, Pink Noise, Pulse train, Sawtooth, Staircase, Sine Wave, Sinc Pulse, Square, Stochastic, Step Function, Ramp, Rising Exponential, Trapezoidal Pulse, Triangle, Variable Rate Pulse Train, White Noise.
Duty cycle	Number. Represents the fraction of the total period during which the thermal stimulus is active, expressed as a fraction. Range: ≥ 0.
Repetitions	Integer. The number of times the thermal stimulus is repeated during an experiment. Range: ≥ 0.
Closed loop	Yes/no. Indicates whether the thermal control system automatically adjusts based on real-time feedback.

Experimental interface types that can be linked: SiliconProbe, Catheter, Generic, OpticFiber, GRINLens, Prism, ThermalProbe.

Ultrasound stimulation

Focused ultrasound used to modulate activity, as distinct from ultrasound used to image, which is a Data acquisition.

Field	Description
Acoustic pressure	Quantity with unit. Peak acoustic pressure of the ultrasound field. Units: Pa, kPa, MPa.
Acoustic intensity	Quantity with unit. Acoustic intensity of the ultrasound field. Units: W/cm², mW/cm².
Duration	Quantity with unit. The total time each ultrasound session lasts. Units: s, ms, µs, min, h.
Duty cycle	Number. The ratio of the ‘on’ time to the total period of the ultrasound pulse cycle, expressed as a fraction. Range: ≥ 0.
Profile	Choice. Specifies the pattern or type of ultrasound waves used. Options: Amplitude Modulated, Alternating Current, Biphasic, Burst, Chirp, Direct Current, Cosine, Frequency Hopping, Frequency Modulated, Decaying Exponential, Gaussian Pulse, Harmonic Stimulation, Gaussian Noise, Pseudo-random Binary Sequence, Pink Noise, Pulse train, Sawtooth, Staircase, Sine Wave, Sinc Pulse, Square, Stochastic, Step Function, Ramp, Rising Exponential, Trapezoidal Pulse, Triangle, Variable Rate Pulse Train, White Noise.
Repetitions	Integer. The number of times the ultrasound pulses are repeated within a session. Range: ≥ 0.
Injection polarity	Text. Typically refers to the polarity of electrical input in electromechanical systems.
Closed loop	Yes/no. Indicates whether the stimulation parameters are dynamically adjusted in response to real-time feedback from physiological sensors or biomarkers.

Experimental interface types that can be linked: SiliconProbe, Tetrode, SingleWireElectrode, OpticFiber, UltrasoundTransducer, Generic.

Chemical and Pharmacological Perturbations

Delivery of drugs or other agents by injection, inhalation, superfusion, microperfusion or other liquid application.

Liquid perturbation

A change of the fluid around the preparation or exposed tissue whose effect comes from the solution itself, such as an osmotic challenge, ionic substitution or a bath-medium switch. Local delivery through a probe is Microperfusion; a drug in the bath is Pharmacological superfusion.

Field	Description
Concentration	Quantity with unit. The concentration of the liquid agent, crucial for ensuring the desired potency and effect. Units: mg/mL, µg/mL, ng/mL, M, mM, µM, nM.
Volume	Quantity with unit. The total volume of the agent to be administered. Units: µL, mL, L, nL.
Profile	Choice. Describes the method of liquid delivery. Options: Bolus Injection, Continuous Infusion, Tapered Dose, Intermittent Bolus, Staggered Injection, Ramp Infusion, Burst Infusion, Step Infusion, Layered Dosing, Titration.
Repetitions	Integer. The number of times the perturbation is to be repeated. Range: ≥ 0.
Flow rate	Quantity with unit. The rate at which the liquid agent is administered. Units: µL/min, mL/min, L/min, nL/min, µL/s, mL/s.
Closed loop	Yes/no. Indicates whether the system can adjust the flow, volume, or concentration of the agent based on real-time feedback.

Experimental interface types that can be linked: SiliconProbe, Tetrode, SingleWireElectrode, OpticFiber, Catheter, InjectionCannula, MicroperfusionLine, DrugDeliveryLine, Generic.

Microperfusion

Local delivery or exchange of a solution inside tissue through an implanted probe or line at low flow, as in open-flow microperfusion or reverse microdialysis. Use it when the agent reaches a small target volume; bath-wide changes are Liquid perturbation or Pharmacological superfusion.

Field	Description
Concentration	Quantity with unit. The concentration of the liquid agent, critical for ensuring the desired physiological impact. Units: mg/mL, µg/mL, ng/mL, M, mM, µM, nM.
Volume	Quantity with unit. The total volume of the agent to be administered through microperfusion. Units: µL, mL, L, nL.
Profile	Choice. The method or pattern of delivery for the liquid agent. Options: Bolus Injection, Continuous Infusion, Tapered Dose, Intermittent Bolus, Staggered Injection, Ramp Infusion, Burst Infusion, Step Infusion, Layered Dosing, Titration.
Repetitions	Integer. The number of times the microperfusion procedure is repeated. Range: ≥ 0.
Flow rate	Quantity with unit. The rate at which the liquid agent is administered. Units: µL/min, mL/min, L/min, nL/min, µL/s, mL/s.
Closed loop	Yes/no. Indicates whether the microperfusion system adjusts the delivery parameters based on real-time feedback.

Experimental interface types that can be linked: SiliconProbe, Tetrode, SingleWireElectrode, OpticFiber, MicroperfusionLine, BathPerfusion, DrugDeliveryLine, Catheter, Generic.

Pharmacological inhalation

An agent delivered through the respiratory route during the session.

Field	Description
Concentration	Quantity with unit. The concentration of the liquid agent in the inhalation mixture. Units: mg/mL, µg/mL, g/L, mg/L, µg/L, % w/v, % v/v, % w/w.
Flow rate	Quantity with unit. The rate at which the inhalation agent is delivered to the patient. Units: µL/min, mL/min, µL/s, mL/s, L/min.
Profile	Choice. The method or pattern of inhalation used. Options: Bolus Inhalation, Continuous Inhalation, Controlled Release Inhalation, Deep Lung Inhalation, High-Frequency Inhalation, Holding Breath, Low Volume Inhalation, Positive Pressure Inhalation, Pulse Inhalation, Ramp Inhalation, Rescue Inhalation, Stacked Breathing, Tidal Breathing.
Volume	Quantity with unit. Total volume of the inhalation agent administered. Units: L, mL, µL, nL, pL.
Repetitions	Integer. The number of times the inhalation procedure is repeated. Range: ≥ 0.
Closed loop	Yes/no. Indicates if the inhalation system adjusts the flow, volume, or dosage based on feedback.

Experimental interface types that can be linked: SiliconProbe, Tetrode, SingleWireElectrode, OpticFiber, DrugDeliveryLine, Generic.

Pharmacological injection

An agent injected during the session to perturb the system under study. A drug given as clinical care, such as analgesia or anesthesia, is a Procedure instead.

Field	Description
Concentration	Quantity with unit. The concentration of the active ingredient in the injection solution. Units: mg/mL, µg/mL, ng/mL, M, mM, µM, nM.
Volume	Quantity with unit. The total volume of the injection given. Units: µL, mL, L, nL.
Profile	Choice. The method of injection used. Options: Bolus Injection, Continuous Infusion, Tapered Dose, Intermittent Bolus, Staggered Injection, Ramp Infusion, Burst Infusion, Step Infusion, Layered Dosing, Titration.
Repetitions	Integer. The number of times the injection is administered. Range: ≥ 0.
Flow rate	Quantity with unit. The rate at which the injection is administered. Units: µL/min, mL/min, L/min, nL/min, µL/s, mL/s.
Closed loop	Yes/no. Specifies whether the injection system automatically adjusts based on feedback.

Experimental interface types that can be linked: InjectionCannula, OpticFiber, Generic, Catheter, DrugDeliveryLine, OsmoticPump.

Pharmacological superfusion

An agent applied by bathing the preparation in solution, the usual route for slice and other ex-vivo work.

Field	Description
Concentration	Quantity with unit. The concentration of the liquid agent within the superfusion solution. Units: mg/mL, µg/mL, ng/mL, M, mM, µM, nM.
Volume	Quantity with unit. The total volume of the superfusion fluid used throughout the experiment or procedure. Units: µL, mL, L, nL.
Profile	Choice. The pattern or method of superfusion. Options: Bolus Injection, Continuous Infusion, Tapered Dose, Intermittent Bolus, Staggered Injection, Ramp Infusion, Burst Infusion, Step Infusion, Layered Dosing, Titration.
Repetitions	Integer. The number of cycles or iterations of superfusion performed during the experiment. Range: ≥ 0.
Flow rate	Quantity with unit. The rate at which the superfusion solution is applied. Units: µL/min, mL/min, L/min, nL/min, µL/s, mL/s.
Closed loop	Yes/no. Indicates if the superfusion system adjusts the delivery parameters dynamically based on real-time feedback.

Experimental interface types that can be linked: SiliconProbe, Tetrode, SingleWireElectrode, OpticFiber, BathPerfusion, DrugDeliveryLine, MicroperfusionLine, Generic.

Sensory Stimulation

Presentation of auditory, visual, tactile, odor or combined sensory stimuli to the subject.

Auditory stimulation

A presented sound, such as a tone, click, or noise burst. Recording sound is a Data acquisition, not a Manipulation.

Field	Description
Amplitude	Quantity with unit. The maximum level of the sound pressure created by the stimulus. Units: dB, dB SPL, Pa.
Duration	Quantity with unit. The length of time for which the sound is played. Units: s, ms, µs, min, h.
Frequency	Quantity with unit. Base frequency of the sound stimulus. Units: Hz, kHz, MHz.
Modulation frequency	Quantity with unit. Modulation frequency if amplitude- or frequency-modulated (optional). Units: Hz, kHz, MHz.
Profile	Choice. The specific waveform or pattern of the sound used for stimulation. Options: Amplitude Modulated, Alternating Current, Biphasic, Burst, Chirp, Direct Current, Cosine, Frequency Hopping, Frequency Modulated, Decaying Exponential, Gaussian Pulse, Harmonic Stimulation, Gaussian Noise, Pseudo-random Binary Sequence, Pink Noise, Pulse train, Sawtooth, Staircase, Sine Wave, Sinc Pulse, Square, Stochastic, Step Function, Ramp, Rising Exponential, Trapezoidal Pulse, Triangle, Variable Rate Pulse Train, White Noise.
Duty cycle	Number. The proportion of the period during which the sound is active, expressed as a fraction. Range: ≥ 0.
Repetitions	Integer. The number of times the sound stimulus is repeated. Range: ≥ 0.
Closed loop	Yes/no. Indicates whether the sound stimulation system can adjust parameters automatically in response to feedback from the subject or environment.

Experimental interface types that can be linked: Microphone, Generic, AuditoryStimulator.

Multisensory stimulation

Two or more modalities presented as one designed stimulus. Use this when the timing between modalities is part of the experiment; record separate entries when the stimuli are independent.

Field	Description
Modalities	Multi-select. Select the sensory modalities presented together in this stimulation event. Options: Visual, Auditory, Tactile, Olfactory, Gustatory, Vestibular, Other.
Temporal relationship	Choice. Indicates how the different sensory stimuli were timed relative to each other. Options: Synchronous, Asynchronous, Randomized, Unknown.
Duration	Quantity with unit. Overall duration of the multisensory event, i.e., the time window during which stimuli were presented. Units: s, ms, µs, min, h.
Repetitions	Integer. Number of times this multisensory stimulus combination was repeated. Range: ≥ 0.
Closed loop	Yes/no. Was stimulus timing or modality selection dynamically adapted based on behavioral or physiological signals?

Experimental interface types that can be linked: Microphone, Generic, Camera, DrugDeliveryLine.

Odor stimulation

A presented olfactory stimulus, usually delivered by an olfactometer.

Field	Description
Concentration	Quantity with unit. The concentration of the odor in the inhalation mixture. Units: mg/mL, µg/mL, g/L, mg/L, µg/L, % w/v, % v/v, % w/w.
Flow rate	Quantity with unit. The rate at which the inhalation agent is delivered to the subject. Units: mL/min, µL/min, mL/s, µL/s, L/min.
Repetitions	Integer. The number of times the inhalation procedure is repeated. Range: ≥ 0.
Inhalation phase	Text. Is the odor presented at a specific inhalation phase?

Experimental interface types that can be linked: DrugDeliveryLine, Generic, Olfactometer.

Tactile stimulation

A mechanical stimulus applied to the body surface, such as whisker deflection or a von Frey filament.

Field	Description
Contact type	Choice. General type of tactile interaction used for stimulation. Options: Mechanical (contact), Mechanical (vibration), Air puff, Brush, Cotton swab, Other.
Stimulation site	Text. The anatomical location where the tactile stimulus is applied.
Force	Quantity with unit. Approximate mechanical force applied during stimulation. Can be estimated if not measured precisely. Units: mN, N, µN, gf, kgf.
Duration	Quantity with unit. Duration for which the tactile stimulus is applied. Units: s, ms, µs, min, h.
Profile	Choice. Temporal profile or shape of the stimulation waveform. ‘Manual’ can be selected if triggered by hand. Options: Single pulse, Pulse train, Sinusoidal, Square wave, Sawtooth, Burst, Ramp, Step function, Manual.
Repetitions	Integer. Number of times the tactile stimulus is delivered. Range: ≥ 0.
Closed loop	Yes/no. Indicates whether stimulation is delivered based on real-time behavioral or physiological signals.

Experimental interface types that can be linked: Generic, TactileStimulator.

Visual stimulation

A presented visual stimulus, such as a grating, flash, or natural scene.

Field	Description
Stimulus types	Multi-select. Select one or more visual stimulus types used in this stimulation event. Options: Gratings, Natural images, LED flashes, Checkerboard, Full-field flashes, Moving bars, Flicker, Other.
Stimulus position	Choice. Location of the stimulus relative to the subject’s visual field. Options: Contralateral, Ipsilateral, Bilateral, Centered, Surround, Other, Unknown.
Duration	Quantity with unit. Duration of this visual stimulus presentation. Units: s, ms, µs, min, h.
Repetitions	Integer. Number of times this visual stimulus was repeated. Range: ≥ 0.
Closed loop	Yes/no. Whether the visual stimulus was dynamically adapted to the subject’s behavior or physiological signals.

Experimental interface types that can be linked: Camera, Generic, VisualStimulator.

API access

The same types are documented for API users, with property codes, versions and payload examples, on the Manipulation schemas API page.